Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of predictive and prognostic markers in spontaneous canine mammary cancer

The study investigates the interspecies similarities between canine and human mammary cancer in sense of innovative predictive prognostic tumour markers. Surgical resection specimens with diagnosed spontaneous primary obtained from 100 female patients were included this study. Expression carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) enzyme epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression was evaluated immunohistochemically. completed investigation Ki67 proliferation marker myogenous differentiation. Histopathological grading performed using Nottingham/modified Bloom-Richardson system. As humans, our analysis has shown that CAIX positivity cells significantly correlates higher levels HER2 immunoreactivity ( P = 0.001), increased grade < 0.001). percentage smooth muscle actin (SMA) positive cases 0.002) group carcinomas compared to tumours negative. Using antibody proliferative activity not different Canine gland may, therefore, represent valuable animal models for hypoxic signaling pathways involved carcinogenesis humans. Further research investigating possibility is required.